Implementing 3-Switch XOR Ladder Logic with Internal Bit
Implement a 3-SPST switch XOR light circuit in LogixPro or RSLogix 500 using an internal relay bit. Includes truth tables, boolean equations, and verified.
The BECKHOFF KS4428 is a high-density, 8-channel analog output Bus Terminal designed for space-sensitive automation architectures. Operating within the standard Beckhoff K-bus system, this terminal generates analog output signals in the 4 to 20 mA range with a 12-bit resolution. It is engineered to interface directly with actuators, current-loop indicators, valves, and other process control devices that require precise current signals.
A key distinguishing feature of the BECKHOFF KS4428 is its pluggable wiring level. Unlike standard KL-series terminals, the KS-series design allows the terminal connector block to be detached from the housing. This enables pre-wiring of the control cabinet and fast, tool-free replacement of the terminal electronics during maintenance, significantly reducing machine downtime.
With eight single-ended channels housed in a compact 12 mm width, this terminal maximizes packing density on the DIN rail. It leverages the internal K-bus for communication with the coupler or controller and utilizes the 24 V DC power contacts for field-side signal generation.
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | BECKHOFF |
| Model | KS4428 |
| Product Type | Bus Terminal (Analog Output) |
| Number of Outputs | 8 |
| Signal Current Range | 4 to 20 mA |
| Technology Connection | Single-ended (common ground) |
| Resolution | 12 bit |
| Output Error | < ±0.2% (relative to end value) |
| Conversion Time | Approximately 8 ms |
| Load Impedance | < 150 Ohm (short-circuit proof) |
| Electrical Isolation | 500 V (K-bus to signal voltage) |
| Current Consumption (K-bus) | Typically 20 mA |
| Current Consumption (Power Contacts) | Typically 60 mA + load |
| Nominal Voltage Supply | 24 V DC via power contacts |
| Process Image Bit Width | Output: 8 x 16-bit data (8 x 8-bit control/status optional) |
| Wiring Mechanism | Pluggable tension-clamp wiring level (KS-series) |
| Conductor Cross-section (Solid) | 0.08 to 1.5 mm² (AWG 28 to 16) |
| Conductor Cross-section (Fine-wire) | 0.14 to 1.5 mm² (AWG 26 to 16) |
| Stripping Length | 9 to 10 mm |
| Housing Width | 12 mm |
| Operating Temperature | 0 to +55 Celsius |
| Storage Temperature | -25 to +85 Celsius |
| Relative Humidity | 95%, no condensation |
| Protection Class | IP20 |
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Returns & Warranty

The BECKHOFF KS4428 is a high-density, 8-channel analog output Bus Terminal designed for space-sensitive automation architectures. Operating within the standard Beckhoff K-bus system, this terminal generates analog output signals in the 4 to 20 mA range with a 12-bit resolution. It is engineered to interface directly with actuators, current-loop indicators, valves, and other process control devices that require precise current signals.
A key distinguishing feature of the BECKHOFF KS4428 is its pluggable wiring level. Unlike standard KL-series terminals, the KS-series design allows the terminal connector block to be detached from the housing. This enables pre-wiring of the control cabinet and fast, tool-free replacement of the terminal electronics during maintenance, significantly reducing machine downtime.
With eight single-ended channels housed in a compact 12 mm width, this terminal maximizes packing density on the DIN rail. It leverages the internal K-bus for communication with the coupler or controller and utilizes the 24 V DC power contacts for field-side signal generation.
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | BECKHOFF |
| Model | KS4428 |
| Product Type | Bus Terminal (Analog Output) |
| Number of Outputs | 8 |
| Signal Current Range | 4 to 20 mA |
| Technology Connection | Single-ended (common ground) |
| Resolution | 12 bit |
| Output Error | < ±0.2% (relative to end value) |
| Conversion Time | Approximately 8 ms |
| Load Impedance | < 150 Ohm (short-circuit proof) |
| Electrical Isolation | 500 V (K-bus to signal voltage) |
| Current Consumption (K-bus) | Typically 20 mA |
| Current Consumption (Power Contacts) | Typically 60 mA + load |
| Nominal Voltage Supply | 24 V DC via power contacts |
| Process Image Bit Width | Output: 8 x 16-bit data (8 x 8-bit control/status optional) |
| Wiring Mechanism | Pluggable tension-clamp wiring level (KS-series) |
| Conductor Cross-section (Solid) | 0.08 to 1.5 mm² (AWG 28 to 16) |
| Conductor Cross-section (Fine-wire) | 0.14 to 1.5 mm² (AWG 26 to 16) |
| Stripping Length | 9 to 10 mm |
| Housing Width | 12 mm |
| Operating Temperature | 0 to +55 Celsius |
| Storage Temperature | -25 to +85 Celsius |
| Relative Humidity | 95%, no condensation |
| Protection Class | IP20 |
Global Express Shipping
Returns & Warranty
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| Country of origin |
Germany
|